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Candida albicans is a leading cause of biofilm-related infections. As Candida biofilms are recalcitrant to host defenses, we sought to determine the effects of interferon-γ and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, two pro-inflammatory cytokines, on the antifungal activities of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) against C. albicans biofilms, using an in vitro biofilm model. Priming of PMNs...
Burn is associated with profound inflammation and activation of the innate immune system in multiple organ beds, including the lung. Similarly, toll-like receptors (TLR) are associated with innate immune activation. Nonetheless, it is unclear what impact burn has on TLR-induced inflammatory responses in the lung.Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to burn (3rd degree, 25% TBSA) or sham procedure and...
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with increased vascular complications and is a pro-inflammatory state. Recent findings have shown increased TLR2 and 4 expression, signaling, ligands, and functional activation in T1DM subjects compared to controls and further accentuated in T1DM with microvascular complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine if genetic deficiency of TLR4 attenuates...
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder associated with infertility. However, treatment options remain limited at present. Since the pathogenesis involves immune responses, the immunomodulatory effect of macrolide on endometriosis has been the focus of much research. A previous study showed that clarithromycin decreased stromal proliferation and promoted apoptosis of fibroblasts in an endometriosis...
This study tested the hypothesis that activation of β2-adrenoceptors on DCs influences NOD2 signaling along with its cross-talk with Toll-like receptor-2 resulting in altered Th cell priming ability. Th17 cells are a newly discovered lineage of CD4 + T cells involved in defense against extracellular bacteria and also implicated in autoimmune disorders. Initiation and polarization of the adaptive...
Recently, a number of evidences have been reported concerning the genetic factor involved in the development of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The purpose of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin 15 receptor, alpha (IL15RA) gene as a risk factor in Korean patients with OPLL.To investigate the genetic association, two coding...
Three cytokines use the IL-12p40 cytokine subunit namely: IL-12p70 (IL-12-comprised of IL-12p40 and IL-12p35), IL-23 (comprised of the IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 subunits) and homodimeric IL-12p40 (IL-12(p40) 2 ). Following activation, immature dendritic cells (DCs) upregulate the chemokine receptor Chemokine-C-Receptor 7 (CCR7), and migrate in response to homeostatic chemokines such as chemokine...
► The study shows the significant inflammatory contribution by TLRs in T1DM. ► Emphasizes need to target TLRs as a therapeutic treatment. ► Down regulating TLR activation or expression could reduce inflammation in T1DM.
Cytokine-like factor 1 (CLF1) is a secreted receptor belonging to the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. CLF1 and its physiologic partner, cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC) are secreted as a heterodimer and engage the tripartite signaling complex of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIFR) and gp130. Ligation of this receptor complex leads to activation of the...
Many components of oncologic treatment increase serum sIL-2Rα level, which may falsely suggest a relapse. We tried to establish whether granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and central vein catheter (CVC)-related sepsis increase serum sIL-2Rα level to values on relapse of childhood soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and how to distinguish real relapse from a “false” one. Serum sIL-2Rα, B2-M, LDH,...
The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce inflammation that are one of key etiological conditions for the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis and diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists play a crucial role in improving glucose and lipid homeostasis in the development of cardiovascular...
Thrombopoietin is a potent cytokine that exerts proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through its cognate receptor, c-Mpl. Therefore, mimicry of c-Mpl signaling by a receptor recognizing an artificial ligand would be attractive to attain specific expansion of genetically modified HSCs. Here we propose a system enabling selective expansion of genetically modified cells using an antibody/receptor...
4-1BB (CD137) is a powerful T-cell costimulatory molecule in the treatment of virus infections and tumors, but recent studies have also uncovered regulatory functions of 4-1BB signaling. Since 4-1BB triggering suppresses autoimmunity by accumulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in dendritic cells (DCs) in an interferon (IFN)-γ-dependent manner, we asked whether similar molecular and cellular...
IL-24 (melanoma differentiation associated gene 7 product) is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that has been reported to possess anti-tumor activity. IL-24 is produced by immune tissues and its expression can be induced in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by pathogen-associated molecules. While immune cells are known to produce IL-24, the response of immune cells to IL-24 is unclear....
The inflammatory response, and its subsequent resolution, are the result of a very complex cascade of events originating at the site of injury or infection. When the response is severe and persistent, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome can set in, which is associated with a severely debilitating systemic hypercatabolic state. This complex behavior, mediated by cytokines and chemokines, needs...
Recently we demonstrated higher galectin-3 in portal venous serum (PVS) compared to hepatic venous serum (HVS) in a small cohort of patients with normal liver function suggesting hepatic removal of galectin-3. Here, galectin-3 was measured by ELISA in PVS, HVS and systemic venous blood (SVS) of 33 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and a larger cohort of 11 patients with normal liver function...
Immune and inflammatory responses, mediated by cytokines, play important roles in the pathophysiology of asthma. These responses are associated with over expression of T helper (Th)-2 cytokine, particularly interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, and decreased expression of Th-1 cytokine, IL-2 and IFN-γ. We hypothesized that there would be an imbalance in the levels of circulating IL-4 and IFN-γ in the asthmatic...
Malignant astrocytomas are highly vascular neoplasms characterized by a potent angiogenic and immunosuppressive phenotype. Th2-cytokines (IL-6/IL-8) are implicated as major regulators of glioma cell growth and invasiveness. STAT-3, a downstream transducer of cytokine signaling is positively associated with tumor angiogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of IL-8 and p-STAT-3...
The presence of low-grade chronic inflammation is a known feature of long standing diabetes type 1. The association between serum level of several markers of inflammation and severity of DM1 was proven. Serum concentrations of TNF were reported to be elevated in diabetic patients, especially those who developed diabetic complications. Lately, it has been also shown that TNF may impair the subset of...
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